Incidencia de hipotermia perioperatoria inadvertida, en perros sometidos a anestesia general inhalatoria

Abstract

La incidencia de hipotermia perioperatoria inadvertida es una de las principales complicaciones perianestésicas en caninos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de hipotermia perioperatoria inadvertida en 49 perros sometidos a anestesia general inhalatoria. Al finalizar el periodo preanestésico, transanestésico y postanestésico, se registró la temperatura corporal, de acuerdo con los siguientes rangos: hipertermia (>39,5°C), normotermia (38,5-39,5°C), hipotermia leve (38,4-36,5°C), hipotermia moderada (36,4-34,0°C), hipotermia severa (<34°C). En preanestesia, el 65% de los animales mostraron hipotermia leve y 2% hipotermia moderada. En transanestesia, 55% de los animales tuvieron hipotermia leve, 37% hipotermia moderada y 6,1% hipotermia severa. En postanestesia, 59% de los animales tuvieron hipotermia leve, 29% hipotermia moderada y 6% hipotermia severa. Se encontraron diferencias al comparar la temperatura basal, con la final transanestésica y postanestésica, respectivamente (p<0,001); del mismo modo, se obtuvieron diferencias al comparar la temperatura inicial, con la final del periodo transanestésico (p<0,001). Por otra parte, no hubo relación estadística entre las diferentes clasificaciones ASA, los procedimientos realizados, el sexo y los rangos etarios evaluados, así como tampoco hubo diferencia en el tiempo de extubación frente al tipo de procedimiento realizado. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que, bajo las condiciones aquí planteadas, la incidencia de hipotermia preanestésica es mínima, mientras la aparición de hipotermia transanestésica y postanestésica de carácter leve, moderada y severa es mayor.

The incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is one of the main perianesthetic complications in canines. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in 49 dogs undergoing inhalation general anesthesia. At the end of the pre-anesthetic, trans-anesthetic, and post-anesthetic periods, body temperature was recorded, according to the following ranges: hyperthermia (>39.5°C), normothermia (38.5-39.5°C), mild hypothermia (38,4-36.5°C), moderate hypothermia (36.4-34.0°C), severe hypothermia (<34°C). In pre-anesthesia, 65% of the animals showed mild hypothermia, and 2% moderate hypothermia. In transanesthesia, 55% of the animals had mild hypothermia, 37% moderate hypothermia, and 6% severe hypothermia. In post-anesthesia 59% of the animals had mild hypothermia, 29% moderate hypothermia, and 6% severe hypothermia. Differences were found when comparing the basal temperature with the final trans-anesthetic and post-anesthetic respectively (p<0.001); Similarly, differences were obtained when comparing the initial temperature with the end of the transanesthetic period (p<0.001). On the other hand, there was no statistical relationship between the different ASA classifications, the procedures performed, sex, and the evaluated age ranges; as well as there was no difference in the extubation time compared to the type of procedure performed. The results of this study suggest that, under the conditions outlined here, the incidence of pre-anesthetic hypothermia is minimal, while the appearance of mild, moderate, and severe trans-anesthetic and post-anesthetic hypothermia is higher