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Climate extremes and their impacts on agriculture across the Eastern Corn Belt Region of the U.S.

Wilson, Aaron B. | 2022

The Eastern Corn Belt Region (ECBR) is an important agricultural sector for the U.S. This study analyzes the climate extremes over the contemporary (1980–2018) and future (2036–2099) periods over the ECBR. We evaluated the performance of 32 downscaled models from the U.S. Global Change Research Program's Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate extreme temperature and precipitation indices. The LOCA downscaled models were evaluated for the recent past against the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-supported gridded observational dataset DAYMET. Results reveal key trends throughout the region that are consistent with previous studies, including significant increases in extreme minimum temperatures, reduction of cold nights, increase of warm nights, and decreases in diurnal temperature ranges. Much of the region demonstrates extreme warming trends in the coldest night of the year (more than 5 °C) and an increase in the heaviest precipitation events over 1980–2018. An optimal model ensemble (OME) was constructed using a Kling-Gupta Efficiency and Bhattacharyya coefficient evaluation to construct a comprehensive ranking procedure. Having outperformed a standard multi-model ensemble approach, the OME was used to evaluate the future changes of extreme climate indices under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Though the OME showed consistently strong warming throughout the ECBR, variability among the optimal models and across watersheds is quite significant, especially for precipitation indices. Thus, constraining the uncertainty in future climate models, specifically as it relates to agriculture decisions that support climate-resilience, remains a challenge.

Acute coronary syndromes following COVID-19 vaccine application: Kounis syndrome or chance?

Rueda Ibarra, Leonardo | 2022

Agroforestry systems recover tree carbon stock faster than natural succession in Eastern Amazon, Brazil

Gómez Cardozo, Ernesto | 2022

The potential of agroforestry systems (AFS) for atmospheric carbon sequestration in degraded tropical lands is of key interest for climate change and rural development policies. This study evaluated aboveground and soil (0–20 cm) carbon stocks of AFS, secondary forests (SF), conserved and logged mature forests, on 88 sites in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Tree carbon stock was higher in young (< 10 years) and advanced (> 30 years) AFS (10.2 ± 2.0 and 47.2 ± 8.1 Mg ha−1, respectively) when compared to the same age SF (5.8 ± 2.5 and 26.5 ± 19.5 Mg ha−1). However, aboveground and total carbon stocks were statistically similar within the same age categories of AFS and SF, because shrub pool were higher in SF. Conserved mature forests had the highest carbon stocks (190.2 ± 11.0 Mg ha−1), and carbon stocks in logged mature forests (119.4 ± 5.1 Mg ha−1) were similar to the advanced stages of AFS (108.6 ± 7.5 Mg ha−1). Litter and soil organic carbon (SOC) did not differ significantly between land-use systems nor along succession. At 30 years, aboveground carbon recovery was 46% (± 16) in AFS and 35% (± 21) in SF. Vegetation structural diversity (measured by DBH and height variation) was a good predictor of aboveground carbon stocks. Our results show the potential of AFS for carbon recovery, especially in the tree pool at late stages of development. Structurally more complex AFS provide an alternative to recover degraded lands and to develop synergies between climate change mitigation, adaptation, and goods production in Amazon.

La enfermería latinoamericana y su resignificación social y cultural

Velásquez Jiménez, Claudia Marcela | 2022

El artículo aborda una reflexión sobre la importancia del liderazgo y empoderamiento de la enfermería Latinoamericana como cuerpo colectivo, que tiene una responsabilidad en la participación y construcción de la política pública de salud y su talento humano, a partir de la visibilizacion del aporte que, como disciplina fundamentada en investigación y teoría, realiza al conocimiento basado en evidencia del cuidado de los proceso de salud enfermedad de los individuos familias y colectivos. Plantea, además, la problemática de escasez de profesionales de enfermería en la región, la inequidad en el reconocimiento de su valor como profesión del cuidado humano y la necesidad de acción y protagonismo para enfrentar los desafíos de una real re- significación de la profesión.

Bar Load-Velocity Profile of Full Squat and Bench Press Exercises in Young Recreational Athletes

Fernandez, Jairo Alejandro | 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the mean propulsive velocity (MVP) at various percentages of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the full squat and chest press exercises. A total of 96 young women and 256 young men (recreational athletes) performed an incremental test (50–60–70–80% 1RM) comprising the bench press and full squat exercises in two different sessions. The individual load and velocity ratios were established through the MPV. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0, with the significance level set at 5%. The following findings were revealed: highly linear load-velocity relationships in the group of women (r = 0.806 in the squat, and r = 0.872 in the bench press) and in the group of men (r = 0.832 and r = 0.880, respectively); significant differences (p < 0.001) in the MPV at 50–70–80% 1RM between the bench press and the full squat in men and at 70–80% 1RM in women; and a high variability in the MPV (11.49% to 22.63) in the bench press and full squat (11.58% to 25.15%) was observed in women and men (11.31% to 21.06%, and 9.26% to 24.2%) at the different percentages of 1RM evaluated. These results suggest that the load-velocity ratio in non-strength-trained subjects should be determined individually to more precisely establish the relative load to be used in a full squat and bench press training program

SM-COLSARSPROT: Highly Immunogenic Supramutational Synthetic Peptides Covering the World’s Population

Patarroyo, Manuel-Alfonso | 2022

Fifty ~20–amino acid (aa)–long peptides were selected from functionally relevant SARS-CoV-2 S, M, and E proteins for trial B-21 and another 53 common ones, plus some new ones derived from the virus’ main genetic variants for complementary trial C-21. Peptide selection was based on tremendous SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability for analysing them concerning vast human immunogenetic polymorphism for developing the first supramutational, Colombian SARS-protection (SM-COLSARSPROT), peptide mixture. Specific physicochemical rules were followed, i.e., aa predilection for polyproline type II left-handed (PPIIL) formation, replacing β-branched, aromatic aa, short-chain backbone H-bond-forming residues, π-π interactions (n→π* and π-CH), aa interaction with π systems, and molecular fragments able to interact with them, disrupting PPIIL propensity formation. All these modified structures had PPIIL formation propensity to enable target peptide interaction with human leukocyte antigen-DRβ1* (HLA-DRβ1*) molecules to mediate antigen presentation and induce an appropriate immune response. Such modified peptides were designed for human use; however, they induced high antibody titres against S, M, and E parental mutant peptides and neutralising antibodies when suitably modified and chemically synthesised for immunising 61 major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) DNA genotyped Aotus monkeys (matched with their corresponding HLA-DRβ1* molecules), predicted to cover 77.5% to 83.1% of the world’s population. Such chemically synthesised peptide mixture represents an extremely pure, stable, reliable, and cheap vaccine for COVID-19 pandemic control, providing a new approach for a logical, rational, and soundly established methodology for other vaccine development.

Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia abortus and risk factors in cattle from Villavicencio, Colombia

Orjuela, Agustín Góngora | 2022

Chlamydia abortus is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, responsible for abortions and reproductive problems. The disease has a high zoonotic potential and causes great economic losses in ruminant farmers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 514 cattle from 24 farms of Villavicencio, Colombia. The blood samples were collected from each individual animal and analyzed by Indirect Elisa for immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood serum (Idexx Chlamydiosis total Ab test). A serum was considered positive when the optical density (OD) of the sample was ≥30% of that of the positive control serum. Data on potential risk factors associated with the disease were collected through a questionnaire in each farm and analyzed. The individual and herd prevalence was estimated. A risk factors analysis was performed through univariate and multivariable using the software SPSS version 20. The animal level seroprevalence was found to be 47.1% and the herd 91.6%. The prevalence in cattle aged 0–1, 1–3 and >4 years was 23.8%; 31.4% and 51.4% respectively. The risk factors associated with the prevalence of disease were female sex (OR = 2.102 CI: 1.066–4.144), age older than 4 years (OR = 2.707 CI: 1.667–4.394), presence of canines on the farm (OR = 2.556 CI: 1.560–4.189) and retention of placenta (OR = 2.678 CI: 1.670–4.295). A high prevalence was identified, suggesting natural infection where the pathogen could be transmitted to humans at the animal-human interface.

Swine as the Animal Model for Testing New Formulations of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Carprofen Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Intramuscular Route

Gómez-Segura, Lídia | 2022

Carprofen (CP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently used to treat respiratory diseases in numerous small animals, but also in large species. CP is a formidable candidate for further therapeutic research of human inflammatory diseases using the pig as an animal model. However, CP administration in swine is very uncommon and respective pharmacokinetics/bioavailability studies are scarce. A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis after CP intravenous and intramuscular administrations in pigs has shown high extent and rate of absorption and a similar distribution profile with respect to man and other mammals. However, clearance and half-life values found in swine suggest a slower elimination process than that observed in man and some other animal species. Although not reported in other species, liver and kidney concentrations achieved at 48 h post-intramuscular administration in pigs were ten times lower than those found in plasma. Simulations pointed to 4 mg/kg every 24 h as the best dosage regimen to achieve similar therapeutic levels to those observed in other animal species. All these findings support the use of pig as an animal model to study the anti-inflammatory effects of CP in humans.

Diagnostic Potential of the Serological Response to Synthetic Peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens for Discrimination Between Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infections

Araujo, Zaida | 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis (ATB) as well as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are required for efective tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in TB endemic area. The usefulness of conventional tests to distinguish between ATB and LTBI has remained challenging. The present study was aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the serological response to synthetic peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens for discrimination between ATB and LTBI in Warao Amerindians. Serum IgG antibody levels were measured by the indirect ELISA assay using 22 designed and synthesized peptides derived from immunogenic Mtb ESAT-6 and Ag85A proteins. A total of 211 adult Warao Amerindians were included; cases with active TB (ATB, n=75), latent TB infection (LTBI, n=85) and non-infected (NI, n=51). The approach’s diagnostic information was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. For ATB diagnostic performance between ATB and NI; ESAT-6; P-12037 had 100% of sensitivity (AUC=0.812; 0.733 to 0.891 95% CI); and Ag85A; P-10997 had 100% of specifcity (AUC=0.691; 0.597 to 0.785 95% CI); and ATB and LTBI; Ag85A; P-29878 had 100% of sensitivity (AUC=0.741; 0.666–0.817 95% CI), and P-29879 had 99% of specifcity (AUC=0.679; 0.593–0.765 95% CI). While that ESAT-6 P-12037 also allowed diferentiation between LTBI and NI or healthy ones. It had 98.8% of sensitivity and 98.0% of specifcity (AUC=0.640; 0.545–0.735 95% CI). The potential of combination-antigen immunoassays with peptides could discriminate between Warao Amerindians with ATB, LTBI and NI. Further validation of this approach could lead to developing a complementary tool for rapid diagnosis of TB infections.

Descripción morfológica y caracterización molecular de los hongos asociados a la raíz de Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl

Triana Vallejos, Jairo Alberto | 2022

Masdevallia coccinea es una orquídea llamativa, endémica de Colombia, empleada en la generación de híbridos ornamentales con más de una década, clasificada como una especie en peligro de extinción. Entre las técnicas usadas para la propagación in vitro y ex situ de especies de la familia Orchidaceae, se estudia la simbiosis micorrízica, debido a que esta familia micoheterótrofa depende de una correlación con estos hongos para subsistir en las primeras etapas de desarrollo en estado silvestre. Con el objetivo de caracterizar e identificar los hongos asociados a las raíces de M. coccinea, se realizó un estudio histológico en raíces y, a partir de micropreparados, se caracterizó morfológicamente micro, macroscópica y molecularmente diez aislamientos. Se identificó a M. coccinea como una orquídea que presenta diferentes patrones de colonización micorrízicos y con posibles efectos endófitos de los géneros Aspergillus, Scopulariopsis, Trichoderma, Ilyonectria y del orden Xylariales en condiciones ex situ

Nonstationary extreme precipitation in Brazil

Cortez, Bianca | 2022

This study provides the first estimates of the frequency distribution of observational and future maximum daily precipitation considering nonstationarity for the entire Brazilian territory. We assess observational data from 1980 to 2015 and projected data from 2020 to 2099 for two climate change scenarios and four downscaled climate models. We modelled extreme precipitation according to the extreme values theory and calculated the precipitation intensity associated with the return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years in nonstationary conditions. The results indicate that nonstationarity is identified in 17.5% of the study area during 1980–2015. The analysis of future climate projections indicated an increase in the return levels of extreme precipitation compared to the historical period in at least 90% of the national territory. It shows that engineering design must urgently consider the nonstationarity of extreme precipitation under the risk of increasingly unsafe infrastructure.

Gobernanza y legitimidad en las federaciones deportivas colombianas

Acosta, José Ramos | 2022

Con base en la investigación que adelantó la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales y el Comité Olímpico Colombiano, se elaboró el presente artículo, en el que se determina el estado de la gobernanza y legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas colombianas. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de debilidades relacionadas con el desequilibrio de género, como también, sobre la solidaridad con atletas e instituciones de menor jerarquía; el estudio estableció la necesidad de estructurar la creación de un observatorio de buena gobernanza. La muestra estuvo determinada, por ocho federaciones deportivas colombianas, en una población total de 19, cuya participación está reflejada en dar a conocer a través de elementos puntuales como su página web, sus estatutos, sus planes de gobierno, entre otros, acciones indirectas que evidencian elementos de transparencia, democracia, separación de poderes y solidaridad, los cuales son fundamento de la buena gobernanza y la legitimidad. La investigación se centró en evaluar las federaciones deportivas nacionales, con base en un estudio adelantado por la organización internacional Play the Game que evalúo el estado de la gobernanza y la legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas internacionales, las cuales hacen parte del programa olímpico.

Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1

Sequeira Trovão, Nídia | 2022

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-D1 is the dominant subgenotype in the Mediterranean basin, Eastern Europe, and Asia. However, little is currently known about its evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics. We use Bayesian phylodynamic inference to investigate the temporal history of HBV-D1, for which we calibrate the molecular clock using ancient sequences, and reconstruct the viral global spatial dynamics based, for the first time, on full-length publicly available HBV-D1 genomes from a wide range of sampling dates. We pinpoint the origin of HBV subgenotype D1 before the current era (BCE) in Turkey/Anatolia. The spatial reconstructions reveal global viral transmission with a high degree of mixing. By combining modern-day and ancient sequences, we ensure sufficient temporal signal in HBV-D1 data to enable Bayesian phylodynamic inference using a molecular clock for time calibration. Our results shed light on the worldwide HBV-D1 epidemics and suggest that this originally Middle Eastern virus significantly affects more distant countries, such as those in mainland Europe.

Restauración ecológica participativa y servicios ecosistémicos culturales: una relación necesaria

González-Molina, H. Zolangie | 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La incorporación de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales en los proyectos de restauración ecológica participativa es muy escasa, a pesar de reconocerse como importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales asociados a procesos de restauración ecológica participativa en el Ecoparque Sabana en el municipio Tocancipá, Colombia, mediante la valoración de percepciones y representaciones sociales de los actores del proceso. Métodos: Para valorar las percepciones y representaciones sociales, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a administrativos, trabajadores y visitantes del Ecoparque, así como a habitantes del municipio Tocancipá. Se evaluaron los servicios ecosistémicos de belleza escénica, inspiración espiritual y artística, sentido de lugar, relaciones sociales, ecoturismo, valor educativo y patrimonio cultural. La información se analizó mediante minería de texto, análisis del discurso y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Resultados clave: Los servicios ecosistémicos culturales cumplen un papel clave dentro del proceso de restauración ecológica participativa. Este tipo de procesos de restauración generaron en la mayoría de los entrevistados (91%) una percepción positiva. Adicionalmente, se encontraron diferencias en las percepciones sobre los servicios ecosistémicos de acuerdo con el grupo de actores al que pertenecen, género y residencia (rural/urbana). El aumento del número de visitas resultó en un incremento del arraigo de los visitantes hacia el proceso de restauración. El valor educativo y el ecoturismo brindan un valor agregado a los procesos de restauración, ya que promueven las relaciones sociales, la conservación y generan relaciones de arraigo. Conclusiones: Incorporar la valoración sociocultural de servicios ecosistémicos, incluyendo los culturales, en los procesos de restauración ecológica participativa es necesario. Se comprobó el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre la recuperación de aspectos biofísicos con los aspectos culturales en la generación de tejido social a medida que avanza la restauración.

Leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: prevalence in Colombian cattle and buffaloes

Arias García, Alejandra | 2022

One of the limiting factors of productive efficiency in cattle and buffalo herds is related to the high prevalence of infectious diseases which affect reproduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in bovine and buffalo herds in Colombia. Blood serum samples were collected from 1100 buffaloes and 1000 cattle. The ELISA technique was used to detect antibodies against BVDV and BoHV-1, and the microscopic agglutination technique to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and of BVDV and BoHV-1 in bovine samples was observed in 16, 39.7, and 65% of animals, respectively, while the positivity in samples for the same antibodies in buffalos was detected in 18.7, 27.5 and 51.5%, respectively. Exposure of cattle and buffaloes to BoHV-1 was positively associated with age, higher prevalence rates were observed in older ages. Seropositivity of cattle for BVDV and BoHV-1 was higher in male animals. Activities such as embryo transfer, milking, and needle reuses, as well as the presence of cats and rodents are factors which favor positivity of the herd for BVDV and BoHV-1.

Effect of the presence and location of corpus luteum on competence of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes

Moreno Jerez, Edgar Ricardo | 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of presence of the corpus luteum (CL) and its influence on cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from the ipsilateral or contralateral ovary in bovine on the recovery and capacity of the oocytes to sustain mono-spermic fertilization, undergo preimplantation development, and develop to the blastocyst stage. Ovaries were collected at a local slaughterhouse and kept in pairs corresponding to the same animal. In the first experiment the variables evaluated were compared between cows with (CCL+) and without (CCL-) CL, and for the second experiment, comparisons were made between ovaries with an ipsilateral (CL+), contralateral (CL−), and no (NCL). The recovery rate of COCs was higher in ovaries from CCL− cows, and a higher proportion of grade 1 COCs were recovered from this group. A higher proportion of metaphase I oocytes at 7 h of maturation, and a higher rate of cleavage were observed in the CCL+ group; however, a higher proportion of embryos were obtained from the CCL− group. Besides, COCs from the CL+ group had a lower proportion of grades 1 and 2 morphological qualities, lower rate of metaphase II oocytes at 22 h of maturation, and lower rate of formation of two pronuclei, whereas a higher proportion of unfertilized oocytes after in vitro fertilization. On the other hand, the COCs from the CL− group displayed a lower proportion of oocytes with more than two pronuclei, higher cleavage rate, and higher final blastocyst production were obtained when compared to CL+. Thus, the effects of CL on the competence of bovine COCs are different depending on the anatomical proximity of their location in the animal, negatively affecting the quality of COCs located in the same ovary, but not having negative effects on the competence of COCs in the ovaries contralateral to their location. © The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The climate change perspective of photovoltaic power potential in Brazil

Zuluaga Aristizábal, Cristian Felipe | 2022

Photovoltaic power potential (PPV) is part of the strategies in Brazil to satisfy the population's energy demand and contribute to reduction of global warming in the climate change context. This study assesses climate change's impact on PPV using a set of 47 state of the art Earth System Models from CMIP6 under two climate change (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios. Changes in solar radiation, temperature and PPV are calculated for the near-term (2021e2050) and end-century (2071e2100) future, concerning the historical period (1981e2010). For the future, the sign of climate change is consistent in both scenarios, but with more intense magnitudes in the SSP5-8.5 for the end-century, and indicate a brightening in North region and warming in the whole country. For the near-term future, PPV projects the maximum increases (z3%) in the North under both scenarios. The most notable decreases in PPV are noticed by the end-century ( 5%) over the country, except for the extreme north. The sensitivity to the increase in temperature of current PPV systems' technology would not allow increases in the yield of PPV, canceling the positive effect of the brightening.

Características morfofuncionales por posición en jugadoras de fútbol femenino bogotano sub-15

Becerra Patiño, Boryi Alexander | 2022

Los procesos de caracterización del fútbol femenino son necesarios en distintos grupos de edad para conocer cuáles son los requerimientos según cada posición del juego en busca de favorecer el desarrollo del fútbol femenino. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las diferencias morfofuncionales de las jugadoras de fútbol femenino bogotano en atención a su posición de juego. El estudio incluyo 81 jugadoras con una edad promedio de 15,58±0,85 años, una talla de 159,4±5,36 cm y una masa corporal de 54,55±6,82 kg, agrupadas en seis posiciones: portera (P, n:8), defensa central (DC, n:13), defensa lateral (DL, n:14), volante central (VC, n:18), volante lateral (VL, n:11) y delantera (DEL, n:17) a partir del análisis de variables morfofuncionales (somatotipo, resistencia, velocidad y fuerza). El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y diseño descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico. El tratamiento estadístico fue realizado mediante el software estadístico R versión 4.1.0. Los resultados indican que, entre las diversas posiciones existen diferencias significativas entre variables relacionadas con el peso (p=0.03), la masa libre de grasa (p=0.01), la fuerza neta (FN) en pierna derecha 100ms [N] (p=0.04), FN pierna derecha 150ms [N] (p=0.03), FN pierna derecha 200ms [N] (p=0.03), promedio de habilidad de sprint repetido (RSA) (p=0.00) y porcentaje de fatiga (p=0.00). Estos resultados mostraron que, entre las distintas posiciones se encuentran diferencias significativas, lo que puede deberse a las demandas y exigencias de la competencia en respuesta a la especificidad de la posición.

IFNL4 genotype influences the rate of HIV-1 seroconversion in men who have sex with men

Meza Barreto, Giovanna | 2022

Individuals lacking interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) protein due to a common null mutation (rs368234815) in the IFNL4 gene display higher resistance against several infections. The influence of IFNL4 on HIV-1 infection is still under discussion and conflicting results have been reported. This study intended to corroborate or refute the association of the null allele of IFNL4 and HIV-1 predisposition in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). IFNL4 null genotype was assessed on 619 HIV-1-seronegative MSM who were followed for 36 months during a trial of a prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1. Of those, 257 individuals seroconverted during this period. A logistic regression model was constructed including demographic and IFNL4 genotype. In addition, a meta-analysis using data from the current study and other European populations was conducted. The null IFNL4 genotypes were correlated with lower HIV-1 seroconversion (Adjusted OR = 0.4 [95%CI: 0.2–0.8], P = 0.008) and longer time to seroconversion (889 vs. 938 days, P= 0.01). These results were validated by a meta-analysis incorporating data from other European populations and the result yielded a significant association of the IFNL4 null genotype under a dominant model with a lower probability of HIV-1 infection (OR=0.4 [95% CI: 0.3-0.6]; P= 1.3 x 10E-5). © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Knee and hip agonist-antagonist relationship in male under-19 soccer players

Rosa, Filipe | 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of the knee flexors and extensors and hip abductor and adductor muscles in young soccer players. Twenty-three male under-19 soccer players participated in this study (age: 17.7 ± 0.2 years; height: 173.0 ± 1.1 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 1.3 kg). Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance (InBody770), and the dynamometry was performed by an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3) for knee flexion and extension, and by an isometric dynamometer (Smart Groin Trainer), for hip adduction and abduction. Comparisons were made between dominant members (D) vs. non-dominant members (ND) and adductors vs. abductors (ADD:ABD) using the Wilcoxon test. There were statistically significant differences in the peak torques between the dominant and non-dominant members in the flexion function (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension function (Z = −4.197, p < 0.01) of the knee in concentric muscular action, and the flexion (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) of the knee in eccentric muscular action. No statistically significant differences were obtained in the conventional ratio (Z = −0.456, p = 0.648) nor the functional ratio (Z = −0.335, p = 0.738) between D and ND members. There were no statistically significant differences between adductors and abductors at the moment of strength for absolute values (N). The reference absolute and normalized to the weight values and the ADD:ABD can be used as a guideline for classifying players in screening and comparison in return tests to sports practice after an injury.