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A functional SNP in MIR124-1, a brain expressed miRNA gene, is associated with aggressiveness in a Colombian sample

González Giraldo, Y. | 2015-06

Background: Interpersonal violence and suicide are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. In several developing countries, such as Colombia, they are among the first five entities of public health concern. Aggressiveness is an important endophenotype for aggression and suicidal behavior, having a heritability of around 50%. Exploration of classical candidate genes, involved in serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, has identified few consistent risk factors for aggressiveness. miRNAs are a novel class of molecules with a growing role in normal neural function and neuropsychiatric disorders; of special interest, miR-124 is a brain-specific miRNA that is key for neuronal plasticity. We evaluated the hypothesis that a functional polymorphism in MIR124-1 gene might be associated with aggressiveness in a Colombian sample. Methods: The Spanish adaptation of the refined version of the Aggression Questionnaire and the abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were applied to 170 young subjects. The functional SNP in MIR124-1 (rs531564) was genotyped by a TaqMan assay. Results: We found a significant association between the MIR124-1 and aggressiveness in our sample, with G/G carriers having lower scores (P = 0.01). This association seemed to be specific for aggressiveness, as it was not significant for impulsiveness. Conclusions: We showed for the first time the association of a functional polymorphism in MIR124-1 and aggressiveness. Known targets of miR-124 (such as BDNF and DRD4 genes) could explain the effect of this miRNA on behavior. A future analysis of additional novel functional polymorphisms in other brain expressed miRNAs could be useful for a deeper understanding of aggression in humans.

Abordaje a familias en duelo asociado a suicidio una revisión del tema

Pedroza Zuñiga, Mónica Rocío | 2020

Introducción: En Colombia se observa una tendencia al aumento de muerte por suicidio en el país. En el año 2018, el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF) reportó 2.696 casos de suicidio, lo que representa un aumento de 4,86 % (125 casos). Detrás de cada muerte por suicidio quedan supervivientes (familiares y/o amigos) los cuales viven un duelo a partir de estos hechos. La muerte siempre introduce un desequilibrio en el sistema familiar que suscita la necesidad de un ajuste de funciones y roles que pueden afectar su organización y estructura. El suicidio pone en cuestión la funcionalidad de una familia e incrementa el riesgo de dificultades para la elaboración del duelo. Objetivo: Determinar el abordaje brindado a las familias en duelo asociado a suicidio, mediante una revisión de tema. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión monográfica con la recolección de artículos en las bases de datos NCBI, Medline, Scielo, SAGE journals, Scopus, Proquest, Clinical Key y Omega. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 40 artículos. Se encontraron 3 en español, 34 en inglés y 3 en portugués. Se encontraron 3 categorías: Apoyo familiar, abordaje social y terapéutico. Conclusiones: A partir de esta revisión de tema se ha podido concluir que existe un apoyo a las familias por parte de un equipo interdisciplinario de salud. La familia después de la pérdida del ser querido tiene la necesidad de recibir apoyo emocional al tratarse de suicidio, apoyo financiero y apoyo legal.

Caracterización de intoxicaciones medicamentosas con intencionalidad suicida reportadas en Bogotá D. C. 2008-2015

Fajardo Moreno, Vanessa | 2016

Costos médicos directos en la atención por intoxicación aguda con medicamentos utlizados con intencionalidad suicida en Colombia para el año 2017

Arboleda, Lady Katherine | 2019

est estudio busca identificar, cuantificar y valorar los costos médicos directos generados en el tratamiento por intoxicación aguda con medicamentos utilizados con intencionalidad suicida en Colombia para el año 2017

Factores psicosociales asociados al suicidio de adolescentes y jóvenes de la comunidad LGBTIQ, revisión literaria

Cuervo Prieto, Paula Andrea | 2021

El suicidio es una realidad silenciosa que ha venido avanzando en la sociedad actual. A pesar de no aparecer cada día en los medios de comunicación, los datos sobre quienes eligen la muerte ante el dolor de la vida son abrumadores, en consecuencia, el objetivo del siguiente trabajo es analizar los factores psicosociales que están asociados al suicidio de adolescentes y jóvenes de la comunidad LGBTIQ. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión literaria a partir de los Descriptores en las bases de datos Scopus, Clinical Key, Science Direct, Scielo y Redalyc, recopilando un total de 63 artículos. Resultados: Se definieron 3 categorías que corresponden a los factores psicosociales frecuentes, asociados al suicidio de los jóvenes y adolescentes de la comunidad LGTBIQ: discriminación, maltrato físico y psicológico y ausencia del apoyo social y familiar. Conclusión: Se evidencia el impacto que el ambiente tiene sobre los adolescentes y jóvenes del mundo, en donde la sociedad se convierte en un factor protector o de riesgo que puede llevar a la ideación o el acto suicida y, que además en grupos poblaciones como lo es la comunidad LGBTIQ la probabilidad de autolesionarse aumenta.

Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016

Nand, D. | 2018

IMPORTANCE Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. EXPOSURES Firearm ownership and access. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. RESULTS Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95%uncertainty interval [UI], 195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5%(95%UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95%UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95%UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95%UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27%were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95%UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95%UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (-0.2%[95%UI, -0.8%to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6%(95%UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95%UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95%UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95%UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P <.001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P <.001; R2 = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.

Intento suicida en pacientes de 20 a 40 años en los hospitales San Rafael de Facatativa y San Juan Bautista E. S. E de Chaparral Tolima entre 01 de Enero del año 2016 al 01 de Junio del año 2018

Bonilla Guerrero, Angie Stephania | 2018

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the suicidal tendencies population attended in the emergency services of San Juan Bautista Hospital in Chaparral, Tolima and San Rafael Hospital in Facatativa, from the first of January 2016 to the first of June 2018. Design: Descriptive, cross-section with an analytic component by means of a non-probabilistic sample to convenience based on the full database and SIVIGILA formats. Number: 356 of the attended patients in the already mentioned hospitals. Sample: The whole of the attended patients in both hospitals in the period of time already stated was of 84.317, from which 82 SIVIGILA formats were chosen, both male and female subjects with a range of age between 20 and 40 years old who have presented suicide attempts. 14 independent variables were measured. The suicidal tendency prevalence was higher in San Rafael Hospital in Facatativa with a percentage of 0.0676% whilst in San Juan Bautista Hospital in Chaparral was of 0.0319%. Findings: The population with the highest predominance in this kind of events is masculine under the age of 25, the most commonly used method was chemical due to the easy access to this kind of substances, most of the patients with suicide attempts had a low vital compromise, additionally some medical staff failures were noticed when filling out the SIVILA.

Métodos para la prevención del suicidio, una revisión literaria

Guzmán Sarmiento, Karol Natalia | 2021

El suicidio consiste en lesiones auto infligidas de manera intencional que pueden provocar la muerte, afecta a las personas sin distinción de sexo, clase social, posición socioeconómica y edad. Es considerado la segunda causa de muerte en personas entre los 15 y 29 años de edad y de acuerdo a las estadísticas, cada 40 segundos una persona en el mundo está ejecutando el acto suicida. Objetivo: Sintetizar las estrategias de prevención del suicidio que se encuentran en la literatura. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión literaria que consistió en una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos: Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, Pubmed, Redalyc y Dialnet, utilizando los términos DECS: “Estrategias”, “Prevención”, “Suicidio”, lo que permitió obtener 50 artículos. Resultados: A partir del análisis se definieron tres categorías de resultados: aplicaciones, psicoeducación y profesionales de la salud. Conclusiones: Existen diferentes estrategias que son aplicadas en todo el mundo para prevenir el suicido, que van desde aplicaciones móviles que detectan los signos y síntomas de las personas con tendencia suicida a talleres y proyectos educativos que buscan aumentar el conocimiento del suicidio y como se puede prevenir, sin embargo, aún falta evidencia que permita demostrar la efectividad de estos métodos

Prevalencia de ideación suicida en estudiantes de Medicina en una Universidad de Bogotá, Colombia

Agudelo Ruiz, Manuela | 2019

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in students of the first to tenth semester program of a University in Bogotá, Colombia For the development of the research a descriptive cross-sectional study was designed, the sample was selected by convenience method, this because it is a subject of great impact. Subsequently, the analysis of results generated certain categories: age, sex, semester, family functionality, socioeconomic status and consumption of psychoactive substances. The study sample was made up of 154 students, 64.3% of the participants were women, the average age was 19 years, the fashion was 18 years or less and the average was 9; the socioeconomic stratum showed that 55.8% belonged to stratum 3. Stratification according to the number of students per semester showing that 47.2% were in the first 2 years and that 52.8% belonged from the third to the fifth year of the career. In relation to the prevalence of suicidal ideation, 8.44% of the students reported having had at least one episode of serious suicidal ideation throughout their lives. Other associated variables were depressive symptoms assessed by the zung scale which showed that the general population has an average score of 35 which means that there is no depression, history of consumption of psychoactive substances in 33.1% and alcohol in 78.6% of the population surveyed indicating that there is a high consumption of psychoactive substances in students of the Medicine program. On the other hand it is concluded that only 33.12% of the participants have a good family functionality, which implies that it is a protective factor for the student in a situation of suicidal ideation and substance use.

Resilencia un aspecto nuevo que puede aportar al profesional de enfermería para mejorar el cuidado en el ciclo vital en las situaciones difíciles de la vida y como herramienta para la prevención del suicidio

Osorio Rojas, Angie Tatiana | 2018

Resilience is defined as the ability to return to a state of normalcy or to "recover" from disturbing situations or to a trauma and remain focused and optimistic about the future. Current situations that Colombians experience such as: post-war, the demobilization, the migrations of Venezuelans; It also highlights the problem of suicide, which according to WHO figures increases the incidence, all of this is attributed to individual, family and community protective factors that contribute to the subject to be resilient and emerge victorious. Objective: to describe the importance of resilience in different situations and stages of life cycle, emphasizing the protective factors against suicide and its importance for nursing at the care, teaching and research levels. Methodology: By means of a thematic search of bibliography of articles, using the terms taken from DeCS and MeSH; in the following databases: Science Direct, Scielo, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results and conclusions: Resilience is considered a useful tool for nursing professionals, which helps promote health and the population potential with a positive approach to difficult situations, forging a process of adaptation and personal transformation that allows the individual emerge successful. It is necessary to incorporate resilience into nursing undergraduate curricula, as well as to conduct researches that contribute to understand the factors that influence the resilience processes and apply them to care and teaching.

Revisión sistematizada de la literatura sobre los factores de riesgo en el suicidio obtenidos a través de la autopsia psicológica publicados del año 2008 al 2018

Maya Linares, María Alejandra | 2019

La conducta suicida es un proceso que inicia en el momento en que determinada persona, con predisposición o no, comienza a tener pensamientos de “quitarse la vida”, la Organización Mundial de la Salud, menciona que cada 40 segundos se produce una muerte debido al suicidio, al año cerca de 800.000 personas se suicidan y muchas más intentan hacerlo, Objetivo: Conocer los factores de riesgo en el suicidio obtenidos a través de la autopsia psicológica mediante una revisión sistematizada de la literatura entre los años 2008 al 2018, Metodología: Revisión sistematizada de la literatura sobre los factores de riesgo en el suicidio obtenidos a través de la autopsia psicológica publicados en artículos científicos del año 2008 al 2018, Resultados: se seleccionaron un total de 36 artículos para la revisión sistematizada, encontrando diferentes factores de riesgo para el suicidio, relacionados con situaciones socioculturales, relacionados también con enfermedades psiquiátricas y métodos de suicidio. Discusión: factores de riesgo como la situación económica (desempleo, jubilación, ama de casa), situación sentimental, antecedente de suicidio en la familia, enfermedades psiquiátricas, acceso a métodos suicidas, entre otros, incrementaron el riesgo de suicidio. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo para el suicidio se deben contemplar de forma individual para cada persona

Substance use and suicide risk in a sample of young Colombian adults: An exploration of psychosocial factors

Pereira-Morales, Angela J. | 2017

Background and Objectives: Young adults might engage in many risk behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, which could lead to mental health problems, such as suicide. The aim of this study was to examine specific psychosocial and clinical factors that could influence the possible relationship between polysubstance use (PSU) and suicide risk in a sample of young Colombian participants. Methods: A sample of 274 young participants (mean age = 21.3 years) was evaluated with two substance use screening tests (ASSIST and AUDIT) and five scales for clinical and psychosocial factors and suicide risk: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety scale, Family APGAR, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Plutchik Suicide Risk scale. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: Use of cannabis and tobacco was significantly correlated with suicide risk in the total sample (p <.05). Depressive and anxiety symptoms, family functioning, and emotional abuse during childhood were significantly associated with suicide risk (p <.001), while alcohol use, anxiety symptoms, and family functioning were variables significantly related to PSU. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with previous evidence suggesting a relationship between substance use, several psychosocial factors, and suicide risk in young participants. Scientific Significance: Our study is one of the first reports the relationship between substance use and suicide risk in a Latin American population. (Am J Addict 2017;26:388–394). © 2017 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry

Tendencias y factores causales de la conducta suicida en Colombia durante los años 2009 a 2013

Patiño Rojas, Sthephany Yineth | 2015