Envíos recientes

Actividad probiótica de hongos no filamentosos frente a gérmenes patógenos que intervienen en procesos grastrointestinales

Bayona R., Martín A. | 2005-07

Desde 1962, Saccharomyces sp. ha sido empleada en diferentes países para el tratamiento de la diarrea nosocomial, enterocolitis, colitis pseudomembranosa, diarrea precedida de tratamiento con antibióticos y SIDA. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar hongos no filamentosos con efectos antagónicos frente a patógenos productores de diarrea, tales como Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Plesiomonas shiguelloides, Aeromonas hidrophyla y Candida albicans. Para esto, se realizó una caracterización bioquímica de microorganismos probióticos levaduriformes obtenidos a partir de frutas y posteriormente se evaluó su capacidad antagónica frente a éstos patógenos. De acuerdo con la coloración de Gram y las pruebas bioquímicas, asimilación y fermentación de carbohidratos, se establecieron los diferentes hongos levaduriformes y se realizaron las pruebas iniciales correspondientes a: resistencia a los antibióticos empleados con mayor frecuencia contra bacterias patógenas de importancia gastrointestinal y resistencia al jugo gástrico artificial. Seguidamente, se realizaron los ensayos de Ritter y de adherencia respecto a los diferentes patógenos evaluados. De acuerdo a los resultados, se observó que la levadura con efecto probiótico aislada e identificada corresponde a Saccharomyces cereoisiae y su efecto antagónico está dado por su capacidad de adherir patógenos a su pared. Se determinó que no existen diferencias entre los efectos de los hongos no filamentosos frente a los patógenos evaluados.

Aislamiento de Morganella morganii y Staphylococcusaureus en un paciente canino con lesión cutánea y detejidos blandos: reporte de caso

Maldonado Vera, María Camila | 2021

Se presenta el caso clínico de un canino con pioderma profundo ulceroso connecrosis dérmica, donde se aísla Morganella morganii y Staphylococcus aureus delas lesiones cutáneas. El primero es una bacteria del medio ambiente y en la flora normaldel tracto intestinal, y poco reportada en caninos. S. aureus es una bacteria estafilocócicagrampositiva reconocida que se asocia con infecciones supurativas. Los resultadosque abordan este estudio indican la importancia de llevar a cabo un rápido reconoci-miento, diagnóstico e inicio de tratamiento basado en cultivos y antibiogramas. Lainfección polimicrobiana dificulta el tratamiento y su evolución, debiendo evitarse laprogresión de lesiones en piel y enfermedades sistémicas secundarias

Los amigos invisibles

| 2018

Comprobación de la eficiencia en la preservación de cepas fúngicas y bacterianas en agua destilada y glicerina

Bayona R., Martín A. | 2004-07

The main goals of this experiment were to evalúate the effectiveness of the conservation methods: sterile distilled water and sterile distilled water plus glycerin, during a period of eight months, by means of purity determination, viability and morpho-physiological characteristics of fungí and bacteria of clinical ¡nterest and develop a microbial collection in order to offer a teaching Service for the university community. The trial Wald-Wolfowitz was performed, since it allows to establish the hypothesis of equality for means of maintenance and conservation. The nuil hypothesis poses the effect of equality of the parameters involved in the two treatments (distilled water and distilled water plus glycerin). The altérnate hypothesis rises effect differences. The preservation methods did not show meaningful differences excepting for the bioche mical characterization o f Eschericbia coli and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa, the purity test on Candida albicans and the viability for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The two methods represent an important alternative for the main-tenance of microbial strains of clinical importance, they also present a reliability of 95%. For our purpose, the conservation in sterile distilled water and sterile distilled water plusglycerin acquires a high importance because it is a simple, economic and safe method, able to guaran-tee the microorganisms survival for long periods avoiding the pleo formations and the pollution with mites.

Control de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti utilizando Bacillusthuringiensis var. israelensis en Armenia, Quindío, Colombia

Aguirre-Obando, Oscar Alexander | 2020-01

In Colombia, Aedes aegypti is resistant to most used insecticides. Due to the slow development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) as well as its high specificity and environmental safety, the use of this larvicide becomes an alternative in the management of this vector. In this work, we evaluated experimentally and describe by a mathematical model the dyamics of control of natural populations of A. aegypti using Bti. The susceptibility profile to Bti was determined through dose-response bioassays with larvae collected in Armenia (Quindío, Colombia). In addition, in order to estimate the susceptibility profile, an analysis was carried out using the mortality data obtained from the four localities analyzed. The mortality data were used to estimate the lethal concentrations (LC50 and 95) from each locality. Using these LC, hypothetical simulations of vector behavior were carried out, obtained from a mathematical model that describes the population dynamics, using successive applications of Bti at different time intervals. The dose-response bioassays indicate tha the analyzed vector populations are susceptible to Bti since they present a biological response similar to the one obtained from A. aegypti Rockefeller strain. Computer simulations using sustained periodic inspection indicate Bti is effective for the vector control. Nevertheless, its long-term efficiency depends on relation between the LC and the frequency of application. It is concluded that the sustained application of Bti represents a long-term viable alternative for the control of A. aegypti populations

Efecto del proceso de fermentación con bacterias ácido lácticas sobre propiedades reológicas de masas de maíz QPM

Betancourt, Sandra | 2014-07

En Colombia, se producen, en forma tradicional y de manera empírica, masas de maíz fermentadas. El desconocimiento, tanto del proceso como de las características requeridas en el producto final y la falta de control en la fabricación, hace que las masas obtenidas no sean de calidad constante; por lo tanto, se realizó el análisis de los cambios en las propie-dades reológicas de las masas, con diferentes temperatu-ras y tiempos de fermentación, empleando, para tal fin, un inóculo puro de Lactobacillus plantarum (CPQBA 087-11 DRM) aislado, de masas tradicionales del Valle del Cauca. Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó un diseño experimental compuesto central rotatorio, con valores de temperatura de fermentación, con valor máximo y mínimo, de 45 y 35°C, respectivamente y tiempo de fermentación, con valor míni-mo de 12h y máximo de 48h. Los resultados mostraron que el módulo viscoso y el ángulo de fase de las muestras, indi-caron incrementos desde 1,18x105Pa hasta valores mayores a 1,4x105Pa y desde 11,9° hasta ángulos mayores a los 20°, respectivamente. Por el contrario, se evidenció una disminu-ción en el módulo de almacenamiento, con valores desde 5,59x105 hasta valores inferiores a 3x105Pa, debido a la pre-sencia de ácidos orgánicos y enzimas amilolíticas produci-das por las bacterias lácticas, las cuales, afectan la estructura de los gránulos de almidón.

Empleo de carbohidratos como terapia antiadhesiva en enfermedades bacterianas

Arguello González, Diana Julieth | 2016

Carbohydrates are involved as transmitters of information in all "corners" of biology. Knowledge of the mechanisms of synthesis and degradation of these compounds is of great importance to understand, diagnose and treat diseases. When we talk about carbohydrates must speak necessarily lectins as these are defined as proteins that recognize and bind to carbohydrates that protrude from complexes formed by glycolipids or glycoproteins. The interaction between a carbohydrate lectins, is highly specific, comparable to the antigen-antibody or enzymesubstrate interaction. Lectins mediate endogenous biological processes such as cell recognition, interactions between cells and extracellular matrix, fertilization, embryo development, cell growth, cell adhesion and migration, apoptosis, immunomodulation and inflammation, hostpathogen interactions, homeostasis and mitogenic induction. Bacteria also have glycan groups on their surface capable of interacting with lectins in host cells; Evidence suggests that mediates LPS processes adherence of bacteria to mucosal cells and induces morphological changes and stimulate its proliferation in different mucous.

Identificación de bacterias causantes de mastitis bovina y su resistencia ante algunos antibacterianos

Cruz Carillo, Anastasia | 2007-01

Mastitis is a common condition in dairy herds, related to important economical losses for the sector. Additionally, the development of resistance to antimicrobians has been a constant preoccupation in human and veterinary medicine. This study was carried out to identify the causal agents of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and its state of resistance in the presence of some antimicrobial in dairy herds in Duitama (Boyacá). 541 animals were evaluated in production, distributed in 25 farms, 12 with mechanical milking, and 13 with manual milking. Milk samples were taken from the positive quarters of clinical or subclinical mastitis for bacteriological culture and an antibiogram. It was found that the gram positive bacteria are the main cause of mastitis in the area, be-ing the Staphylococcusaureus the causal agent of the most frequent clinical and subclinical mastitis, with per-centages between the 32 to 42% respectively. With less frequency, the Streptococcus sp. was the causal agent for both types of mastitis. As for the resistance state, we observed a relative sensibility to oxacinlin, vancomicin, tetraciclin and streptomicina by the gram positive agents. The results obtained in this study ratify the importance of knowing the mastitis characteristics in each area in order to establish the right treatments.

Infección por bacterias de vías urinarias en mujeres tratadas con catéter uretral y resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos

Molano, Germán | 2012-01

Despite the protocols aimed at preventing infections associ-ated with urinary catheter in hospitals of III and IV level in Bo-gotá and Soacha, they represent an increase in time and cost of patients stay. A descriptive study was carried out number of cases, which the objective to determine the frequency and sensitivity of antibiotics against microorganisms associated with urinary tract infection in women aged 40 to 80 requiring urethral catheterization in intensive care of four hospitals in III and IV level of complexity. The clinical histories of patients who met the established requirements for inclusion in the period between January and December 2010 were assessed, taking into account the predetermined variables included in the corresponding instrument as were: hospital, age, length of permanence, duration of catheter, urine culture and result of the antibiogram. To tabulate and analyze the data Micro-soft Excel and SPSS statistical - 15 program were used, in or-der to subsequently recode variables and to generate sum up and dispersion measures, absolute frequencies, tables and graphs. Escherichia coli accounted for 39% of the total iso-lation in four hospitals, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.9), Proteusmirabilis (8.5), Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7). Ampicillin resistance was observed in 36.8%, Cefalexin (30.9%), tetracycline (29.4%) and nitrofu-rantoin (23.5%). Institution 1 reported the highest number of cases associated with urinary tract infection; as most vulner-able age range women 60-69 years old, were identified.

Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases

Zheng, Zhichao | 2018

The development of a successful vaccine, which should elicit a combination of humoral and cellular responses to control or prevent infections, is the first step in protecting against infectious diseases. A vaccine may protect against bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral infections in animal models, but to be effective in humans there are some issues that should be considered, such as the adjuvant, the route of vaccination, and the antigen-carrier system. While almost all licensed vaccines are injected such that inoculation is by far the most commonly used method, injection has several potential disadvantages, including pain, cross contamination, needlestick injury, under- or overdosing, and increased cost. It is also problematic for patients from rural areas of developing countries, who must travel to a hospital for vaccine administration. Noninvasive immunizations, including oral, intranasal, and transcutaneous administration of vaccines, can reduce or eliminate pain, reduce the cost of vaccinations, and increase their safety. Several preclinical and clinical studies as well as experience with licensed vaccines have demonstrated that noninvasive vaccine immunization activates cellular and humoral immunity, which protect against pathogen infections. Here we review the development of noninvasive immunization with vaccines based on live attenuated virus, recombinant adenovirus, inactivated virus, viral subunits, virus-like particles, DNA, RNA, and antigen expression in rice in preclinical and clinical studies. We predict that noninvasive vaccine administration will be more widely applied in the clinic in the near future.

The effect of carbohydrates on the adherence of Pasteurella multocida to the nasal respiratory epithelium

Gallego López, Carolina | 2021

Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida is responsible for different diseases that generate great economic losses in farm animal. The effectiveness of immunization against those bacteria are variable and the use of antibiotics is questioned; for that reason, we investigated the potential inhibitory effect of different carbohydrates on the adherence in vivo of P. multocida to the rabbit respiratory epithelium as an alternative for the prevention of respiratory infections. Rabbits were intranasally and intratracheally inoculated with a solution containing 200 µl of 1x107 CFU of P. multocida that was previously mixed with 250 µg /200 µl of N-acetylglucosamine, alphamethylglucoside, alphamethylmannoside, N-acetylgalactosamine or sialic acid. The animals that received N-acetylglucosamine, alphamethylglucoside or alphamethylmannoside individually or a mixture of these three carbohydrates plus the bacterium, showed a signifi cant decrease (P <0.05) of the clinical symptoms, microscopic and macroscopic lesions in the nasal septa and in the lungs; also, the number of adhered bacteria to the nasal epithelium were also signifi cantly reduced. This research demonstrates for the fi rst time that such an approach could convert into a method for prevention of P. multocida infection in rabbits that is ecologically and economically safe and effective