Now showing items 1-15 of 15

A comparative analysis of SLA-DRB1 genetic diversity in Colombian (creoles and commercial line) and worldwide swine populations

Celis‑Giraldo, Carmen Teresa; Bohórquez, Michel David; Camargo, Milena; Suárez, Carlos Fernando; Camargo, Anny; Rodríguez‑Obediente, Kewin; Martínez, Alejandra; Lucero, Carlos Edmundo; Hernández, Byron; Manzano‑Román, Raúl; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin (2021)

Analysing pig class II mayor histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is mainly related to antigen presentation. Identifying frequently-occurring alleles in pig populations is an important aspect to be considered when ...
Association of HIV status with infection by multiple HPV types

Camargo, Milena; Del Río Ospina, Luisa; Soto-De León, Sara Cecilia; Sánchez, Ricardo Andrea; Pineda Peña, Clemencia; Sussmann, Otto; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso (2018)

Objectives: To identify the clinical and demographic characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women infected by multiple HPV types. Methods: 1399 women participated in the study (240 HIV-positive and 1159 HIV-negative ...
Behavior and abundance of Anopheles darlingi in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside

Prado, César Camilo; Alvarado Cabrera, Luis Antonio; Camargo Ayala, Paola Andrea; Garzón Ospina, Diego; Camargo, Milena; Soto-De León, Sara Cecilia; Cubides, Ricardo; Celis-Giraldo, Carmen Teresa; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso (2019)

In the past few years, relative frequencies of malaria parasite species in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside have changed, being Plasmodium vivax (61.4%) and Plasmodium malariae (43.8%) the most frequent. ...
Changes in the Cervical Microbiota of Women with Different High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Loads

Camargo, Milena; Vega, Laura; Muñoz, Marina; Sánchez, Ricardo; Patarroyo, Manuel-Elkin; Ramírez, Juan David; Patarroyo, Manuel-Alfonso (2022)

Abstract: The cervical microbiota is essential in female sexual health, and its altered states seem to have a central role in the dynamic of high-risk papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections. This study aimed to evaluate the ...
Diagnostic Potential of the Serological Response to Synthetic Peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens for Discrimination Between Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infections

Araujo, Zaida; de Waard, Jacobus H.; Camargo, Milena; Lopez Ramos, Juan Ernesto; Fernández de Larrea, Carlos; Vanegas, Magnolia; Patarroyo, Manuel-Alfonso (2022)

Diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis (ATB) as well as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are required for efective tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in TB endemic area. The usefulness of conventional tests ...
ESAT-6 and Ag85A Synthetic Peptides as Candidates for an Immunodiagnostic Test in Children with a Clinical Suspicion of Tuberculosis

Araujo, Zaida; Fernández de Larrea, Carlos; López, Diana; Isern-Kebschull, Jaime; de Waard, Jacobus H.; Hagel, Isabel; Camargo, Milena; Vanegas, Magnolia ; Patarroyo, Manuel-Alfonso (2021)

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is being underdetected in children as most are smear-negative. This work was aimed at evaluating ESAT-6 and Ag85A synthetic peptides’ serodiagnostic potential for diagnosing children having a ...
Identifying the HLA DRB1-DQB1 molecules and predicting epitopes associated with high-risk HPV infection clearance and redetection

Del Río Ospina, Luisa; Camargo, Milena; Soto De León, Sara Cecilia; Sánchez, Ricardo; Moreno Pérez, Darwin Andrés; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel A. (2020)

Several determining factors are involved in HPV infection outcomes; human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been described as related factors. This study has ascertained the effect of genetic variation on HLA-DRB1 ...
Integrated genomic epidemiology and phenotypic profiling of Clostridium difficile across intra-hospital and community populations in Colombia

Muñoz, Marina; Restrepo Montoya, Daniel; Kumar, Nitin; Iraola, Gregorio; Camargo, Milena; Díaz Arévalo, Diana; Roa Molina, Nelly S.; Tellez, Mayra A.; Herrera, Giovanny; Ríos Chaparro, Dora I.; Birchenall, Claudia; Pinilla, Dario; Pardo Oviedo, Juan M.; Rodríguez Leguizamón, Giovanni; Josa, Diego F.; Lawley, Trevor D.; Patarroyo, Manuel A.; Ramírez, Juan David (2019)

Clostridium difficile, the causal agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, has a complex epidemiology poorly studied in Latin America. We performed a robust genomic and phenotypic profiling of 53 C. difficile clinical ...
Micro-epidemiology of mixed-species malaria infections in a rural population living in the Colombian Amazon region

Camargo, Milena; Soto De León, Sara C.; Del Río Ospina, Luisa; Páez, Asrtid C.; González, Zanony; González, Edgardo.; Cubides, Juan R.; Camargo Ayala, Paola A.; Patarroyo, Manuel E.; Patarroyo, Manuel A. (2018)

Malaria outbreaks have been reported in recent years in the Colombian Amazon region, malaria has been re-emerging in areas where it was previously controlled. Information from malaria transmission networks and knowledge ...
Multiple high-risk HPV genotypes are grouped by type and are associated with viral load and risk factors

Del Río-Ospina, Luisa; Soto de León, Sara Cecilia; Camargo, Milena; Sánchez, Ricardo; Moreno Pérez, Darwin Andrés; Pérez - Prados, Antonio; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel (2017)

Investigating whether high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types tend to become grouped in a particular way and whether factors are associated with such grouping is important for measuring the real impact of vaccination. ...
The prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in confiscated Psittacidae in Colombia

Ruiz Laiton, Alejandra; Molano Ayala, Norela; García Castiblanco, Sebastian; Falla Beltrán, Ana Carolina; Camargo, Milena; Roa, Leonardo (2022)

Chlamydia psittaci is a highly zoonotic bacteria distributed worldwide; it is responsible for psittacosis, one of the most important infectious diseases affecting the Psittacidae, mostly parrots. This work was aimed at ...
Sexual forms obtained in a continuous in vitro cultured Colombian strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FCB2)

Ararat Sarria, Monica; Prado, Cesar Camilo; Camargo, Milena; Ospina, Laura Tatiana; Camargo, Paola Andrea; Curtidor, Hernando; Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso (2020)

Background: The epidemiological control of malaria has been hampered by the appearance of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs and by the resistance of mosquito vectors to control measures. This has also been associated ...
Strong -LAMP Assay Based on a Strongyloides spp.-Derived Partial Sequence in the 18S rRNA as Potential Biomarker for Strongyloidiasis Diagnosis in Human Urine Samples

Fernández Soto, Pedro; Celis Giraldo, Carmen Teresa; Collar Fernandez, Coralina; Gorgojo, Óscar; Camargo, Milena; Muñoz, José; Salas Coronas, Joaquín; Patarroyo, Manuel A.; Muro, Antonio (2020)

Human strongyloidiasis a soil-transmitted infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis is one of the most neglected amongst the so-called Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). S. stercoralis is a nematode, which is distributed ...
The prevalence of high-risk HPV types and factors determining infection in female colombian adolescents

Ríos Ospina, Luisa; Soto de León, Sara Cecilia; Camargo, Milena; Sánchez, Ricardo; Mancilla, Cindy Lizeth; Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel Alonso (2016)

This study reports six HR-HPV types' infection prevalence discriminated by species and multiple infection in unvaccinated Colombian female adolescents, as well as some factors modulating the risk of infection. HPV DNA for ...
Trichomonas vaginalis follow-up and persistence in Colombian women

Hernández-Buelvas, Lauren; Camargo, Milena; Sánchez, Ricardo; Patarroyo, Manuel-Elkin; Patarroyo, Manuel-Alfonso (2021)

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), the most common non-viral sexually-transmitted infection is considered a neglected infection and its epidemiology is not well known. This study determined TV-infection dynamics in a retrospective ...

Envíos recientes

A comparative analysis of SLA-DRB1 genetic diversity in Colombian (creoles and commercial line) and worldwide swine populations
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Celis‑Giraldo, Carmen Teresa | 2021

Analysing pig class II mayor histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is mainly related to antigen presentation. Identifying frequently-occurring alleles in pig populations is an important aspect to be considered when developing peptide-based vaccines. Colombian creole pig populations have had to adapt to local conditions since entering Colombia; a recent census has shown low amounts of pigs which is why they are considered protected by the Colombian government. Commercial hybrids are more attractive regarding production. This research has been aimed at describing the allele distribution of Colombian pigs from diverse genetic backgrounds and comparing Colombian SLA-DRB1 locus diversity to that of internationally reported populations. Twenty SLA-DRB1 alleles were identified in the six populations analysed here using sequence-based typing. The amount of alleles ranged from six (Manta and Casco Mula) to nine (San Pedreño). Only one allele (01:02) having > 5% frequency was shared by all three commercial line populations. Allele 02:01:01 was shared by five populations (around > 5% frequency). Global FST indicated that pig populations were clearly structured, as 20.6% of total allele frequency variation was explained by differences between populations (FST = 0.206). This study’s results confirmed that the greatest diversity occurred in wild boars, thereby contrasting with low diversity in domestic pig populations.

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Association of HIV status with infection by multiple HPV types
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Camargo, Milena | 2018

Objectives: To identify the clinical and demographic characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women infected by multiple HPV types. Methods: 1399 women participated in the study (240 HIV-positive and 1159 HIV-negative women). Samples were provided for Pap tests and for HPV detection and typing by PCR. Data were collected on HPV infection, frequency of multiple infection, and HPV type distribution. Odds ratios were reported from logistic regression models. Results: Compared with HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women had higher frequencies of cervical abnormality (30% vs. 20.8%), higher HPV prevalence (68.3% vs. 51.3%) and were more commonly infected with multiple HPV types (78.7% vs. 44.3%). HPV-16 was the most common type detected in the study population, with other types showing variable associations with HIV status. Positive associations were observed between infection by multiple HPV types and HIV status, cervical abnormality and having had more than three pregnancies. The odds of multiple infection by HPV types were higher in HIV-positive women who used an intrauterine device, who had a history of abortions and who had HIV viral loads >100 000 copies/ml, whilst the odds were lower in women with >500 CD4 cells/mm 3 . Conclusions: HIV immunosuppression favours infection by multiple high-risk HPV types, mainly in women affected by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Antiretroviral therapy had no effect on infection by multiple HPV types. Risk factors related to progressive damage to the cervix were positively associated with infection by multiple HPV types in women living with HIV.

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Behavior and abundance of Anopheles darlingi in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside
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Prado, César Camilo | 2019

In the past few years, relative frequencies of malaria parasite species in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside have changed, being Plasmodium vivax (61.4%) and Plasmodium malariae (43.8%) the most frequent. Given this epidemiological scenario, it is important to determine the species of anophelines involved in these parasites’ transmission. This study was carried out in June 2016 in two indigenous communities living close to the tributaries of the Amazon River using protected human bait. The results of this study showed a total abundance of 1,085 mosquitos, of which 99.2% corresponded to Anopheles darlingi. Additionally, only two anopheline species were found, showing low diversity in the study areas. Molecular confirmation of some individuals was then followed by evolutionary analysis by using the COI gene. Nested PCR was used for identifying the three Plasmodium species circulating in the study areas. Of the two species collected in this study, 21.0% of the An. darlingi mosquitoes were infected with P. malariae, 21.9% with P. vivax and 10.3% with Plasmodium falciparum. It exhibited exophilic and exophagic behavior in both study areas, having marked differences regarding its abundance in each community (Tipisca first sampling 49.4%, Tipisca second sampling 39.6% and Doce de Octubre 10.9%). Interestingly, An. mattogrossensis infected by P. vivax was found for the first time in Colombia (in 50% of the four females collected). Analysis of An. darlingi COI gene diversity indicated a single population maintaining a high gene flow between the study areas. The An. darlingi behavior pattern found in both communities represents a risk factor for the region’s inhabitants living/working near these sites. This highlights the need for vector control efforts such as the use of personal repellents and insecticides for use on cattle, which must be made available in order to reduce this Anopheline’s abundance.

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Changes in the Cervical Microbiota of Women with Different High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Loads
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Camargo, Milena | 2022

Abstract: The cervical microbiota is essential in female sexual health, and its altered states seem to have a central role in the dynamic of high-risk papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in bacterial communities’ compositions according to hrHPV. We collected two samples per woman, with a difference of 12 1 months between them, and performed a follow-up on 66 of these women. The viral load (VL) of the hrHPV was estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), then it was normalized (using the HMBS gene as reference) and transformed to the Log10 scale to facilitate the interpretation. The VL was categorized as Negative, without hrHPV copies; Low, less than 100 hrHPV copies; Medium, between 100 to 102 hrHPV copies; and High, >102 hrHPV copies. The microbiota composition was described through the Illumina Novaseq PE250 platform. The diversity analyses revealed changes regarding the hrHPV VL, where women with low VL (<100 hrHPV copies) presented high diversity. The community state type (CST) IV was the most common. However, in women with high VL, a lower association with Lactobacillus depletion was found. Lactobacillus gallinarum and L. iners were the most abundant species in women with high VL, whereas women with low VL had a 6.06 greater probability of exhibiting Lactobacillus dominance. We identified conspicuous differences in the abundance of 78 bacterial genera between women with low and high VL, where 26 were depleted (e.g., Gardnerella) and 52 increased (e.g., Mycoplasma). A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression showed changes in the diversity due to the interaction between the measurement time and the VL, with a decrease in diversity in the second follow-up in women with low VL (Coeff. = 0.47), whereas the women with medium VL displayed an increase in diversity (Coeff. = 0.58). Here, we report for the first time that the cervical microbiota is influenced by the number of copies of hrHPV, where a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus, greater diversity, and enrichment of bacterial taxa is relevant in women with low VL.

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Diagnostic Potential of the Serological Response to Synthetic Peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens for Discrimination Between Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infections
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Araujo, Zaida | 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis (ATB) as well as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are required for efective tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in TB endemic area. The usefulness of conventional tests to distinguish between ATB and LTBI has remained challenging. The present study was aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the serological response to synthetic peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens for discrimination between ATB and LTBI in Warao Amerindians. Serum IgG antibody levels were measured by the indirect ELISA assay using 22 designed and synthesized peptides derived from immunogenic Mtb ESAT-6 and Ag85A proteins. A total of 211 adult Warao Amerindians were included; cases with active TB (ATB, n=75), latent TB infection (LTBI, n=85) and non-infected (NI, n=51). The approach’s diagnostic information was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. For ATB diagnostic performance between ATB and NI; ESAT-6; P-12037 had 100% of sensitivity (AUC=0.812; 0.733 to 0.891 95% CI); and Ag85A; P-10997 had 100% of specifcity (AUC=0.691; 0.597 to 0.785 95% CI); and ATB and LTBI; Ag85A; P-29878 had 100% of sensitivity (AUC=0.741; 0.666–0.817 95% CI), and P-29879 had 99% of specifcity (AUC=0.679; 0.593–0.765 95% CI). While that ESAT-6 P-12037 also allowed diferentiation between LTBI and NI or healthy ones. It had 98.8% of sensitivity and 98.0% of specifcity (AUC=0.640; 0.545–0.735 95% CI). The potential of combination-antigen immunoassays with peptides could discriminate between Warao Amerindians with ATB, LTBI and NI. Further validation of this approach could lead to developing a complementary tool for rapid diagnosis of TB infections.

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ESAT-6 and Ag85A Synthetic Peptides as Candidates for an Immunodiagnostic Test in Children with a Clinical Suspicion of Tuberculosis
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Araujo, Zaida | 2021

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is being underdetected in children as most are smear-negative. This work was aimed at evaluating ESAT-6 and Ag85A synthetic peptides’ serodiagnostic potential for diagnosing children having a clinical suspicion of TB. Methods. The study involved 438 children: 77 Creole nonindigenous (13 suspected of having TB and 64 healthy ones) and 361 Warao indigenous children (39 suspected of TB and 322 healthy children). The approach’s diagnostic information was compared using operational characteristics and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. Ag85A P-29879 had 94.6% sensitivity (: 0.651 to 0.819 95% CI) in indigenous children. ESAT-6 P-12036 and P-12037 had 100% and 92.3% of sensitivity (: 0.929: 0.846 to 0.975 95% CI and 0.791: 63.9 to 98.7 95% CI, respectively) in Creole children. ESAT-6 peptides also allowed a differentiation between children with TB and healthy ones. Conclusions. Further validation of this approach could lead to developing a complementary tool for rapid TB diagnosis in children.

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Identifying the HLA DRB1-DQB1 molecules and predicting epitopes associated with high-risk HPV infection clearance and redetection
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Del Río Ospina, Luisa | 2020

Several determining factors are involved in HPV infection outcomes; human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been described as related factors. This study has ascertained the effect of genetic variation on HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes on HPV-16/-18/-31/-33/-45 and -58 clearance and redetection in Colombian women. PCR and qPCR were used for viral identification and the Illumina MiSeq system was used for HLA-typing of cervical samples (n = 276). Survival models were adjusted for identifying alleles/haplotypes related to HPV clearance/redetection; L1/L2 protein-epitope binding to MHC-II molecules was also predicted. Significant associations suggested effects favouring or hampering clearance/redetection events depending on the viral type involved in infection, e.g. just DRB1*12:01:01G favoured HPV-16 (coeff: 4.8) and HPV-45 clearance (coeff: 12.65) whilst HPV-18 (coeff: 2E-15), HPV-31 (coeff: 8E-17) and HPV-58 hindered elimination (coeff: 1E-14). An effect was only observed for some alelles when configured as haplotypes, e.g. DRB1*04:07:01G (having the greatest frequency in the target population) was associated with DQB1*02:01:1G or *03:02:03. Epitope prediction identified 23 clearance-related peptides and 29 were redetection-related; eight might have been related to HPV-16/-18 and -58 persistence and one to HPV-18 elimination. HLA allele/haplotype relationship with the course of HPV infection (clearance/redetection) depended on the infecting HPV type, in line with the specific viral epitopes displayed.

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Integrated genomic epidemiology and phenotypic profiling of Clostridium difficile across intra-hospital and community populations in Colombia
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Muñoz, Marina | 2019

Clostridium difficile, the causal agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, has a complex epidemiology poorly studied in Latin America. We performed a robust genomic and phenotypic profiling of 53 C. difficile clinical isolates established from diarrheal samples from either intrahospital (IH) or community (CO) populations in central Colombia. In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate the cytopathic effect, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ten antimicrobial agents, the sporulation efficiency and the colony forming ability. Eleven different sequence types (STs) were found, the majority present individually in each sample, however in three samples two different STs were isolated. Interestingly, CO patients were infected with STs associated with hypervirulent strains (ST-1 in Clade-2). Three coexistence events (two STs simultaneously detected in the same sample) were observed always involving ST-8 from Clade-1. A total of 2,502 genes were present in 99% of the isolates with 95% of identity or more, it represents a core genome of 28.6% of the 8,735 total genes identified in the set of genomes. A high cytopathic effect was observed for the isolates positive for the two main toxins but negative for binary toxin (TcdA+/TcdB+/CDT− toxin production type), found only in Clade-1. Molecular markers conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones (cdeA and gyrA) and to sulfonamides (folP) were the most frequent in the analyzed genomes. In addition, 15 other markers were found mostly in Clade-2 isolates. These results highlight the regional differences that C. difficile isolates display, being in this case the CO isolates the ones having a greater number of accessory genes and virulence-associated factors.

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Micro-epidemiology of mixed-species malaria infections in a rural population living in the Colombian Amazon region
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Camargo, Milena | 2018

Malaria outbreaks have been reported in recent years in the Colombian Amazon region, malaria has been re-emerging in areas where it was previously controlled. Information from malaria transmission networks and knowledge about the population characteristics influencing the dispersal of parasite species is limited. This study aimed to determine the distribution patterns of Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum single and mixed infections, as well as the significant socio-spatial groupings relating to the appearance of such infections. An active search in 57 localities resulted in 2,106 symptomatic patients being enrolled. Parasitaemia levels were assessed by optical microscopy, and parasites were detected by PCR. The association between mixed infections (in 43.2% of the population) and socio-spatial factors was modelled using logistic regression and multiple correspondence analyses. P. vivax occurred most frequently (71.0%), followed by P. malariae (43.2%), in all localities. The results suggest that a parasite density-dependent regulation model (with fever playing a central role) was appropriate for modelling the frequency of mixed species infections in this population. This study highlights the under-reporting of Plasmodium spp. mixed infections in the malaria-endemic area of the Colombian Amazon region and the association between causative and environmental factors in such areas.

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Multiple high-risk HPV genotypes are grouped by type and are associated with viral load and risk factors
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Del Río-Ospina, Luisa | 2017

Investigating whether high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types tend to become grouped in a particular way and whether factors are associated with such grouping is important for measuring the real impact of vaccination. In total, 219 women proving positive for HPV as detected by real-time PCR were included in the study. Each sample was analysed for detecting and quantifying six viral types and the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Multiple correspondence analysis led to determining grouping patterns for six HR-HPV types and simultaneous association with multiple variables and whether viral load was related to the coexistence of other viral types. Two grouping profiles were identified: the first included HPV-16 and HPV-45 and the second profile was represented by HPV-31, HPV-33 and HPV-58. Variables such as origin, contraceptive method, births and pregnancies, educational level, healthcare affiliation regime, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and viral load were associated with these grouping profiles. Different socio-demographic characteristics were found when coinfection occurred by phylogenetically related HPV types and when coinfection was due to non-related types. Biological characteristics, the number of viral copies, temporality regarding acquiring infection and competition between viral types could influence the configuration of grouping patterns. Characteristics related to women and HPV, influence such interactions between coexisting HPV types reflecting the importance of their evaluation

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The prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in confiscated Psittacidae in Colombia
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Ruiz Laiton, Alejandra | 2022

Chlamydia psittaci is a highly zoonotic bacteria distributed worldwide; it is responsible for psittacosis, one of the most important infectious diseases affecting the Psittacidae, mostly parrots. This work was aimed at determining C. psittaci prevalence and genotype in 177 parrots confiscated in Colombia; cloacal swab (166) and faecal (177) samples were analysed from birds confiscated and housed in a Temporary Wildlife Reception Centre (Centro de Reception de Fauna Temporal). Conventional PCR was run on the samples for amplifying the MOMP gene and then the ompA gene. The C. psittaci genotype A was found in 81.3 % (144/177) of the birds analysed. Cloacal swabs accounted for 129/166 (77.7 %) positive samples and faecal matter for 53/177 (29.9 %), 38 birds proving positive for both types of sample; there was an 8.15 times greater probability of detection for cloacal swabs compared to faecal swabs (p < 0.05). Clinical examination findings were correlated with the animals’ positivity for cloacal swabs, faecal matter or both, finding a statistically significant relationship with low respiratory rate (p < 0.05) and broken plumage for cloacal swab sample results (p < 0.1). Even though 85 % seroprevalence has previously been reported in Colombia using indirect ELISA, this study reports for the first time C. psittaci genotype A endemicity in psittacines in captivity in Colombia using molecular techniques, considering the zoonotic risk involved in having these birds as pets.

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Sexual forms obtained in a continuous in vitro cultured Colombian strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FCB2)
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Ararat Sarria, Monica | 2020

Background: The epidemiological control of malaria has been hampered by the appearance of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs and by the resistance of mosquito vectors to control measures. This has also been associated with weak transmission control, mostly due to poor control of asymptomatic patients associated with host-vector transmission. This highlights the importance of studying the parasite's sexual forms (gametocytes) which are involved in this phase of the parasite's life-cycle. Some African and Asian strains of Plasmodium falciparum have been fully characterized regarding sexual forms' production; however, few Latin-American strains have been so characterized. This study was aimed at characterizing the Colombian FCB2 strain as a gametocyte producer able to infect mosquitoes. Methods: Gametocyte production was induced in in vitro cultured P. falciparum FCB2 and 3D7 strains. Pfap2g and Pfs25 gene expression was detected in FCB2 strain gametocyte culture by RT-PCR. Comparative analysis of gametocytes obtained from both strains was made (counts and morphological changes). In vitro zygote formation from FCB2 gametocytes was induced by incubating a gametocyte culture sample at 27 °C for 20 min. A controlled Anopheles albimanus infection was made using an artificial feed system with cultured FCB2 gametocytes (14-15 days old). Mosquito midgut dissection was then carried out for analyzing oocysts. Results: The FCB2 strain expressed Pfap2g, Pfs16, Pfg27/25 and Pfs25 sexual differentiation-related genes after in vitro sexual differentiation induction, producing gametocytes that conserved the expected morphological features. The amount of FCB2 gametocytes produced was similar to that from the 3D7 strain. FCB2 gametocytes were differentiated into zygotes and ookinetes after an in vitro low-temperature stimulus and infected An. albimanus mosquitoes, developing to oocyst stage. Conclusions: Even with the history of long-term FCB2 strain in vitro culture maintenance, it has retained its sexual differentiation ability. The gametocytes produced here preserved these parasite forms' usual characteristics and An. albimanus infection capability, thus enabling its use as a tool for studying sexual form biology, An. albimanus infection comparative analysis and anti-malarial drug and vaccine development.

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Strong -LAMP Assay Based on a Strongyloides spp.-Derived Partial Sequence in the 18S rRNA as Potential Biomarker for Strongyloidiasis Diagnosis in Human Urine Samples
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Fernández Soto, Pedro | 2020

Human strongyloidiasis a soil-transmitted infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis is one of the most neglected amongst the so-called Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). S. stercoralis is a nematode, which is distributed worldwide; it has been estimated that it could affect millions of people, mainly in tropical and subtropical endemic regions. The difficulties of diagnosis lead to infection rates being underreported. Asymptomatic patients have chronic infections that can lead to severe hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Strongyloidiasis can easily be misdiagnosed because conventional faecal-based techniques lack of sensitivity for the morphological identification of infective larvae in faeces. None of the currently used molecular methods have used urine samples as an alternative to faecal samples for diagnosing strongyloidiasis. This study was thus aimed at comparing, for the first time, the use of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) molecular assay (Strong-LAMP) to traditional methods on patients’ urine samples. Twenty-four urine samples were taken from patients included in a study involving two Spanish hospitals for strongyloidiasis screening using parasitological and serological tests. Strongyloides larvae were found in 11 patients’ faecal samples, thereby ascertaining that they had the disease. Other patients had high antibody titres but no larvae were found in their faeces. All urine samples were analysed by PCR and Strong-LAMP assay. No amplification occurred when using PCR. Strong-LAMP led to detecting S. stercoralis DNA in urine samples from patients having previously confirmed strongyloidiasis by parasitological tests and/or a suspicion of being infected by serological ones. The Strong-LAMP assay is a useful molecular tool for research regarding strongyloidiasis in human urine samples. After further validation, the Strong-LAMP assay could also be used for complementary and effective diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in a clinical setting.

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The prevalence of high-risk HPV types and factors determining infection in female colombian adolescents
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Ríos Ospina, Luisa | 2016

This study reports six HR-HPV types' infection prevalence discriminated by species and multiple infection in unvaccinated Colombian female adolescents, as well as some factors modulating the risk of infection. HPV DNA for six high-risk viral types was identified in cervical samples taken from 2,134 12-19 year-old females using conventional generic and typespecific PCR. Binomial logistical regression analysis was used for modelling HR-HPV infection and multiple infection risk. The interaction between variables in a stepwise model was also included in such analysis. Viral DNA was detected in 48.97% of the females; 28.52% of them had multiple infections, HPV-16 being the most frequently occurring type (37.44%). Cytological abnormality prevalence was 15.61%. Being over 16 years-old (1.66: 1.01-2.71 95%CI), white ethnicity (4.40: 1.16-16.73 95%CI), having had 3 or more sexual partners (1.77: 1.11-2.81 95%CI) and prior sexually-transmitted infections (STI) (1.65: 1.17-2.32 95%CI) were associated with a greater risk of HPV infection. Having given birth was related to a higher risk of infection by A7 species and antecedent of abortion to less risk of coinfection. Where the females in this study came from also influenced the risk of infection by A7 species as female adolescents from the Andean region had a lower risk of infection (0.42: 0.18-0.99 95%CI). The presence of factors related to risky sexual behaviour in the study population indicated that public health services should pay special attention to female adolescents to modify the risk of infection by high-risk HPV types and decrease their impact on this age group.

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Trichomonas vaginalis follow-up and persistence in Colombian women
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Hernández-Buelvas, Lauren | 2021

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), the most common non-viral sexually-transmitted infection is considered a neglected infection and its epidemiology is not well known. This study determined TV-infection dynamics in a retrospective cohort of Colombian women and evaluated associations between risk factors and TV-outcome. TV was identified by PCR. Cox proportional risk models were used for evaluating the relationship between TV-outcome (infection, clearance and persistence) and risk factors (sexually-transmitted infections and sociodemographic characteristics). Two hundred and sixty-four women were included in the study; 26.1% had TV at the start of the study, 40.9% suffered at least one episode of infection and 13.0% suffered more than one episode of TV during the study. Women suffering HPV had a greater risk of TV-infection (aHR 1.59), high viral-load (> 102) for HPV-16 being related to a greater risk of persistent parasite infection; a high viral load (> 102) for HPV-18 and -33 was related to a lower probability of TV-clearance. Ethnicity (afrodescendent/indigenous people: aHR 5.11) and having had more than two sexual partners (aHR 1.94) were related to greater risk of infection, contrasting with women having a background of abortions and lower probability of having TV (aHR 0.50). Women aged 35- to 49-years-old (aHR 2.08), increased years of sexual activity (aHR 1.10), multiple sexual partners (aHR 8.86) and multiparous women (aHR 3.85) led to a greater probability of persistence. Women whose cervical findings worsened had a 9.99 greater probability of TV-persistence. TV distribution was high in the study population; its coexistence with HPV and other risk factors influenced parasite infection dynamics. The results suggested that routine TV detection should be considered regarding populations at risk of infection.

LEER

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Browsing by Author "Camargo, Milena"

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